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Research and Links Domestic Violence Information – Australia Domestic Violence and Rural Women Information for Women from Non-English Speaking Backgrounds Counselling Services for Women and Children Government Department and Agencies National Government departments and agencies
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) CEDAW is the major human rights treaty for women and was ratified by Australia in 1983. To date, 169 States have become parties to CEDAW, making it one of the most widely ratified international human rights instruments. The Convention brings together in a single comprehensive human rights treaty, the provisions of previous United Nations instruments concerning discrimination on the basis of sex and extends them even further. OSW has responsibility for monitoring Australia's obligations under CEDAW, including preparation of Australia's report under the Convention (required every four years) and providing advice on new developments relating to CEDAW. Progress with implementation of the Convention is monitored by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women primarily through considering the reports of state parties. Women in Australia - Australia's Combined Fourth and Fifth Reports on Implementing the United Nation's Convention Against the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women was released in 2003. see here - http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/ constructed by the Commonwealth Office of the Status of Women (OSW) this website provides women of Australia with easy to find information about government services of specific relevance to women. Australian Virtual Centre for Women and the Law (National Women's Justice Coalition) The National Women's Justice Coalition advocates for changes to the law in Australia. The site provides the Virtual Centre for Women and the Law, which has a reading room of documents including some on domestic violence law reform, and lots of material on law reform campaigns. It also provides access to a range of electronic mailing lists, see http://www.nwjc.org.au/avcwl/ and http://www.nwjc.org.au/about.html International Women's Development Agency An Australian based non-government development organisation, run by women staff and unpaid workers, which undertakes projects in partnership with women from around the world to overcome poverty and gender oppression. In 2001 The Centenary of Federation was an opportunity for all Australians to reflect upon our achievements and to re-affirm our commitment for the future. In particular, it was an opportunity to honour women, often neglected in history books, who have shaped our nation. In an event entitled, ‘Women Shaping the Nation’, Centenary of Federation Victoria acknowledges those women, from all walks of life, who have been pioneers in their chosen fields and, or made a major contribution to our community. Women’s information service (SA) Ask Us: free, confidential information service for all women http://www.wis.sa.gov.au/ Women's Infolink - Brisbane phone 1800
177 577 Women's Information and Referral Centre - Canberra Women Tasmania - Information and Referral Service - Hobart Women's Information Service - Women's Policy Office - Perth Women's Information and Referral Service - Sydney Women's Information Centre - Alice Springs NO WEBSITE AVAILABLE YET The Centre is located on the Ground Floor, Eurilpa House, Todd Mall, Alice Springs NT 0871. Postal: PO Box 721 Alice Springs NT 0871. Phone: (08) 8951 5880, (08) 8951 5884 FAX. Email wicalice.ths@nt.gov.au Women's Information and Referral Centre - Cairns NO WEBSITE
AVAILABLE YET.
Domestic Violence Information – Australia
Facts and Figures about Domestic and Family Violence in Australia - PDFPrepared by Veronica Wensing, WESNET Australian Statistics on Domestic Violence Published by the Domestic Violence & Incest Resource Centre (DVIRC), http://dvirc.org.au/resources/Statistics.htm It is widely assumed that
most estimates of the incidence of domestic violence are underestimates. Even
large population surveys cannot provide accurate estimates of the extent of
domestic violence in Australia. Domestic Violence is Gendered Violence - Marie Hume - PDFDomestic violence is not just about physical violence. It takes many forms – physical, sexual, verbal, financial and emotional. These forms of abusive and manipulative behaviours are about maintaining power and control of women by male abusers. Public Health, Mental Health and Violence Against Women, VicHealth, 2003 PDF Familicide and Disputed Residency and Contact, Carolyn Johnson, 2002 PDF Homicide Between Sexual Intimates in Australia: A Preliminary Report This
paper, published as part of the conference proceedings of the Homicide:
Patterns, Prevention and Control conference (May 1992), details Patricia
Easteal’s preliminary analysis of homicide between adult sexual intimates, which
is based on data from the National Homicide Monitoring Program and from 110
homicide cases in New South Wales and Victoria. Some of the findings include:
the relatively high proportion of migrant males and Aboriginal women in the
offender sample; the high incidence of prior battering and alcohol abuse
histories; the role of separation, including the time between estrangement and
homicide; the frequency of perpetrator suicide; and the diversity of outcomes Blaming the Victim: Domestic Violence and the Codependency Model This paper, published as part of the conference proceedings of the International Victimology Symposium (August 1994), presents an overview of the co-dependency theory. It discusses the premise that the co-dependency model tends to shed blame on the victim for the difficulty in coping with the emotional pain he or she experiences. The paper comments on the implications of this model for professional service providers, and criticises its application to domestic violence situations. Home Safe Home: The Link Between Domestic and Family Violence and Women's Homelessness This
report looks at the relationship between homelessness and women experiencing
domestic and family violence. Department of Family and Community Services Family and Domestic Violence Training Package - Trainers' Kit (WA) On the Health Department of Western Australia's website. The full trainer's kit is provided, including overheads to use, and a Participants kit. Contents include information about domestic violence and sexual assault, myths, effects on children, responding to disclosures, support tools, safety planning, documentation, working with interpreters, and evaluation. It can also be downloaded in MS Word 6.0. Myths about Domestic Violence Many myths and inaccuracies surround domestic violence and as a direct result, physical and psychological abuse of women and children continues to be minimised, legitimised and even condoned. Long-standing community attitudes perpetuate some of these myths. How much longer must we hear “Why does she stay” when the more appropriate question is “Why does he do it?” The attitudes and beliefs represented by the myths below are outdated, unhelpful and incorrect. The community’s failure to expose and challenge these myths continues to place the responsibility for domestic violence on the women and children who are experiencing it, and not on the men who are perpetrating it. http://www.dvas.org.au/public/aboutdv/myths.php New ACSSA Publication on Male Partner Sexual Violence Just "keeping the peace": a reluctance to respond to male partner sexual violence - Melanie Heenan the first Issues paper from the Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault, which explores the issue of sexual violence perpetrated by men against their female partners. http://www.aifs.gov.au/acssa/pubs/issue/i1.html
Maternal Alienation Fact Sheet - Anne Morris PDFMaternal alienation occurs in a context of violence against women and children, whereby perpetrators of abuse deliberately try to destroy the relationship between children and their mother. · It is simultaneous abuse of women and children · It is a form of emotional abuse · It occurs within domestic violence and child sexual abuse, raising questions about the problems in separating out different forms of abuse, rather than understanding violence and abuse as a spectrum or continuum. · It successfully hides the responsibility for abuse/violence - the abuser is out of the picture, and all attention is on the so-called 'bad' mother Maternal Alienation: A Practitioner’s Resource - Anne Morris - PDFWorking with maternal alienation in domestic/family violence and child sexual abuse. A resource for practitioners who deal with issues of violence against women and children and issues for survivors of child sexual abuse
Children's Supervised Contact Services
This Site provides a list of
supervised contact/supervised
changeover service providers in Australia
and New Zealand.
WESNET The Women's Services Network WESNET is
Australia's peak women's organisation working to eliminate domestic and family
violence, "Our vision is to ensure that all women and children can live free
of domestic and family violence"
Keep Safe Stay Cool A program
empowering all young people to choose healthy relationships and to instigate
social change by considering interpersonal violence as a violation of human
rights Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse A national resource on issues of domestic violence and family violence http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/ Have you seen our cartoon storybook Send Violence Packing? It is a visual portrayal of the Clearinghouse's research project, 'Staying Home/Leaving Violence', as drawn by Marta Ponti. Partnerships Against Domestic Violence This site provides information about the Partnerships Against Domestic Violence initiative, a joint Commonwealth, State and Territory government and community initiative. The site includes information detailing its priority themes, taskforce, the projects it funds, and its national evaluation. It also provides a list of state crisis services. http://www.padv.dpmc.gov.au/ Office of the Status of Women WIRE: Women's Information and Referral Exchange (Victoria) This Victorian Women's telephone service provides information sheets on domestic violence and sexual assault. http://www.wire.org.au/ Domestic Violence Resource Centre, Brisbane, Qld. The Queensland service provides factsheets on domestic violence, and how it affects children, as well as information about their services. http://www.dvrc.org.au The Women’s Refuge Group WA Phone: 94207264 The Women’s Refuge Group is the peak representative organisation for the 35 women’s refuges in Western Australia. Provides basic information on what refuges offer, the consequences of domestic violence, etc. http://www.space.net.au/~wrgofwa/ Freedom from Fear Campaign Against Domestic Violence, Western Australia. Materials from the Western Australian governments' community education campaign are online, including the handbook for perpetrators of violence ‘How to Deal with Domestic Violence: a self-help guide for men who want to change’ and some of their useful fact sheets that look at aspects of domestic violence. http://www.freedomfromfear.wa.gov.au/ Comprehensive info on new research reports and conference papers on domestic violence in NSW, statistics, services and brochures. The site is a partnership project between the Women's Domestic Violence Court Assistance Program and the Local courts in NSW. http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lc/dvlink.nsf/pages/index The Domestic Violence Advocacy Service (DVAS) Part of Women’s Legal Services NSW, a state-wide community legal centre for women in NSW. The DVAS operates a telephone advice line, provides legal representation in proceedings for Apprehended Violence Orders in a number of Sydney metropolitan courts, conducts community legal education and is actively involved in policy work and lobbying for law reform. The DVAS has been operating for the past sixteen years. The DVAS is also the auspice body for the NSW Legal Aid Commission Women’s Domestic Violence Court Assistance Program Training Resource Unit (WDVCAP TRU). This Unit brings the DVAS into contact with over 33 Local Court Women’s Domestic Violence Court Assistance Schemes throughout NSW. DVAS website: http://www.dvas.org.au/ for more information. This website provides information on the 'Release Heather Osland' campaign (Heather Osland was a victim of domestic violence who is now in prison in Victoria), legal issues and poetry. http://www.vicnet.net.au/~rhog/ "It's Not Love, It's Violence" An information and resource kit about domestic violence produced by DVAS and the NSW Women’s Refuge and Resource Centre. http://www.dvas.org.au/index.php?fuseaction=home.publications&intpubid=16 DV Milestones The
following information provides a summary of legislative reform, policy
development and social change regarding domestic violence, plus the milestones
that have occurred here in NSW and nationally. Good review of DV and articles available on line http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/SP/Dom_violence.htm Refuge movement Access and Equity Manual This manual has excellent policies and practices for making your service accessible to all. The Domestic Violence & Incest Resource Centre (DVIRC) Funded by the Department of Human Services Victoria, Australia. It is a statewide resource centre for information about domestic violence and sexual assault. http://www.dvirc.org.au/ For children see www.burstingthebubble.com and for other, see www.dvirc.org.au "Fathers Who Kill Their Children" by Lorna Martin, published in The Observer on 5 November 2006
Children and Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence as a Form of Child Abuse: Identification and Prevention- Marianne James Senior Research Officer Australian Institute of Criminology Child abuse and domestic violence are not new social problems, nor are they haphazard or deviant activities. Both are considered an accepted part of our culture. However, while domestic violence is now politically recognised as one of the most entrenched and pervasive forms of violence in our society today, child abuse issues have yet to receive the same degree of attention. This is despite the fact that every year in Australia, thousands of children, as well as women, suffer physically, psychologically and sexually as a result of acts of violence against them in the home http://www.aifs.org.au/nch/issues2.html#issue Effects of Domestic Violence on Children -Marie Hume - PDFThis paper addresses the issue of the impact of domestic violence on children. It explores the relationship between domestic violence and child abuse, using both overseas research and research that has been conducted in the Family Court of Australia. It focuses on how changes to the Family Law Act has led to tensions between the underlying principles of ‘right to contact’ and the domestic violence aspect of the reforms. The implications for practice are explored. The Relationship between Child Sexual Abuse, Domestic Violence and Separating Families - Marie Hume - PDFThis paper examines the relationship between child sexual abuse and domestic violence and highlights the research that indicates the coexistence of these two forms of violence in families. This article analyses how and why both forms of violence exist in families. This paper examines how the mutual existence of these two forms of abuse impacts on families who are separating. Australian research will be cited which highlight those cases involving all forms of family violence are an integral part of the work of the Family Court.
Domestic Violence and Rural Women
Is Domestic Violence Too Close to Home? A kit for rural women Published by the Office of the Status of Women, the kit provides information for women in rural areas about Domestic violence, including a check list, steps for safety, and information on the law and services in each state. This is available to order in hard copy form only, visit http://www.osw.dpmc.gov.au/publications/publications_list.htm
Abuse and Women with Disabilities Author:
Margaret Nosek & Carol Howland for VAWnet
Women with Disabilities provides extensive amount of information on Women with disabilities, including information on violence and women with disabilities. www.wwda.org.au
Information for Women from Non-English Speaking Backgrounds
‘Trapped in Violence’ - Prepared by April Pham -PDFNESB Women and Children Without Income Support Survey, Results of a survey of NSW Women’s Refuges 2000, A project by Immigrant Women’s Speakout Association in collaboration with NSW Refuge Movement Migrant Support Group : copyright : Immigrant Women’s Speakout Association of NSW Inc.2001 IWSS Diversity Training Kit Including a resource manual and a workbook for children going through in English, Vietnamese, Bosnian, Spanish and Tagalog and worksheets in other languages http://www.kids.iwss.org.au/ Information in diverse languages http://www.napcan.org.au/Information_Resources/diverse_languages/diverse_languages.html DV and Sexual Assault Clearinghouse
http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/ Immigrant Women’s Speakout Department. of Immigration, Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs www.immi.gov.au DVP form and information Multicultural Health Communications http://www.mhcs.health.nsw.gov.au/ Health information, including sexual abuse and Domestic Violence in various languages Centrelink Multicultural Link www.centrelink.gov.au Information on Centrelink services in many languages Ethnic Community Council of NSW Community Relations Commission WIRE, Women’s Information Victoria http://www.wire.org.au/migrant-dv.html has links to information in various languages (not just applicable to Victoria) Transcultural Mental Health Centre http://www.tmhc.nsw.gov.au/translations/transinfo.htm Information on mental health in various languages ADV resources, including FREE translated brochures on Domestic Violence available from Office for the Status of Women; To obtain an Order form, contact RMSDAS on (02) 6202 5736 or E-Mail jamie.walker@rmsdas.com
The Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault (ACSSA) aims to improve access to current information and resources in order to assist those committed to working against sexual assault. ACSSA will help to support and develop strategies that aim to prevent, respond to, and ultimately reduce the incidence of this crime. http://www.aifs.gov.au/acssa/index.html Northern Centre Against Sexual Assault One of the first CASAs to develop a website, the Northern CASA site has information about the impact of sexual assault, legal options, their services, and some basic multilingual information. http://www.northern.casa.org.au/ South East Centre Against Sexual Assault (SECASA) The South East Centre Against Sexual Assault has a very comprehensive website which is divided up into sections for workers, for survivors, children, friends and family. http://www.secasa.com.au/ CASA House (Centre Against Sexual Assault ) Provides basic information about sexual assault, as well as the services provided by the Centre Against Sexual Assault in Carlton, Victoria. http://www.casahouse.casa.org.au/ Based in Melbourne, this is a non-denominational support group for people who have been abused sexually, physically or emotionally in religious institutions. The website contains information about priests who have been charged with sexual abuse. http://brokenrites.alphalink.com.au/index.html Men Against Sexual Assault (MASA) MASA is a group of pro-feminist men who are committed to ending the sexism in society that leads to sexual assault. The site has a information about MASA, myths about sexual assault, and profeminist links on the web. http://www.borderlands.org.au/masa/ The Domestic Violence & Incest Resource Centre (DVIRC) Funded by the Department of Human Services Victoria, Australia. It is a statewide resource centre for information about domestic violence and sexual assault.http://www.dvirc.org.au/ For children see www.burstingthebubble.com and for other, see www.dvirc.org.au
Intrafamilial rape and the law in Australia: upholding the lore of the father S Caroline Taylor (2002), Townsville International Women's Conference, July 2002 - PDF The experiences of child complainants of sexual abuse in the criminal justice system by Christine Eastwood and Wendy Patton (2002), Criminology Research Council http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi99.html - PDF
Department of Human Services Victoria : Child abuse & child protection information Includes
info on reporting child abuse, and publications on child sexual abuse, such as:
National Child Protection Clearinghouse (Australian Institute of Family Studies) Provides online some of the research articles published by the Institute. http://www.aifs.org.au/nch/NCH_menu.html The Domestic Violence & Incest Resource Centre (DVIRC) is funded by the Department of Human Services Victoria, Australia. It is a statewide resource centre for information about domestic violence and sexual assault. http://www.dvirc.org.au/ For children see www.burstingthebubble.com and for other, see www.dvirc.org.au
National Child Protection Clearing House http://www.aifs.org.au/nch/nch_menu.html
Council to Homeless Persons: Homelessness information sheets This Victorian organisation provides fact sheets on homelessness, including one on homelessness and domestic violence, with lots of useful statistics. http://www.chp.org.au/
Family Violence Strategy Family
violence is a serious social issue. It directly affects the well-being of
families Guidelines for Child Representatives
This document is intended to provide guidance to the Child's Representative
in fulfilling his/her role. The Guidelines have also been issued for the
purposes of providing practitioners, parties, children and other people in
contact with the Family Court, with information about the Court's general
expectations of Child's Representatives. It also sets out these expectations as
they relate to children in circumstances of family violence, children from
culturally and linguistically diverse families and communities, children with
disabilities, Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander children, and where
applications arise for the authorization of special medical procedures and other
orders relating to the welfare of children. Family Law and Parent-Child Contact: Assessing the Risk of Sexual Abuse By Professor Patrick Parkinson, Faculty of Law, Sydney University, Family Court of Australia, Third National Conference, Hotel Sofitel Melbourne, Tuesday 20 - Saturday 24 October 1998 link here RESOLVING FAMILY VIOLENCE TO CHILDREN The evaluation of Project Magellan, a pilot project for managing Family Court residence and contact disputes when allegations of child abuse have been made by Thea Brown with Rosemary Sheehan, Margarita Frederico and Lesley Hewitt http://www.familycourt.gov.au/papers/html/magellan.html Domestic Violence, the Unrepresented Litigant and Access to Justice - Jenni Millbank*
http://www.familycourt.gov.au/papers/html/millbank2.html The Family Law Reform Act 1995 : The first three years Final
Report By Helen Rhoades, Reg Graycar, and Margaret Harrison This is a report of research undertaken into the operation of the Family Law Reform Act 1995 from the time it came into effect in June 1996 to the end of 1999. The research was conducted by researchers from the University of Sydney's Faculty of Law and the Family Court of Australia with the assistance of a grant from the Australian Research Council via its Strategic Partnerships with Industry for Research and Training (SPIRT) scheme. The Chief Investigator was Professor Reg Graycar from the University of Sydney and the Industry Partner was Margaret Harrison, of the Family Court of Australia. In April 1999, an interim report of the project was published and widely circulated. It is also available on the web pages of the Faculty of Law and the Family Court of Australia. The Interim Report was entitled, The Family Law Reform Act 1995: Can changing legislation change legal culture, legal practice and community expectations? The research documented in this report was undertaken during the three calendar years ended 1999. In general, the law and practice discussed reflects the situation at that time. However, the report does make reference to some significant subsequent developments such as the establishment of the Federal Magistrates Service and the passage in November 2000, as we go to press, of the Family Law Amendment Act 2000. National Cultural Diversity Plan This Plan marks an important milestone for the Judges and staff of the Court, for our clients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and for organisations representing the interests of those clients. The plan identifies not only the pathway, but also defines the actions, which will be implemented during 2004-05 and 2005-06. view / download it here National Abuse Free Contact Campaign Briefing Paper PDFThe National Abuse Free Contact Campaign is a national (and international) coalition of organisations who have formed to advocate on behalf of women and children going through the Family Court system with concerns about domestic violence and child abuse. The National Abuse Free Contact Campaign was initiated because of concerns relating to the exposure of children to abuse and domestic violence following separation as a result of unsafe contact arrangements, usually ordered by the Family Court. Concerns about the safety of children and women are well founded, and are supported by a number of reports and research projects. For some years now many groups and individuals across Australia have tried to make the government take notice of these concerns, but their voices have not been heeded. The National Abuse Free Contact Campaign aims to make the government listen, and to prioritise the safety of victims of violence.
Child Sexual Abuse Allegations and the Family Court -Marie Hume - PDFThis paper is based on research conducted by the author which examines the question of whether or not child sexual abuse allegations made in the context of the separating family and Family Court proceedings are more likely to be false than such allegations made in other contexts. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis of this thesis that child sexual abuse allegations in the context of Family Court proceedings are not more likely to be false than those in other contexts. Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Paradigm for Child Abuse in Australian Family Law - Paper by Dr Elspeth McInnes PDFThis paper argues that the absence of a publicly funded investigative capacity in the Family Court of Australia when there are allegations of child abuse by a parent, creates the conditions for the de facto operating presumption of the Parental Alienation Syndrome paradigm in the courts. This paradigm, at its simplest, insists that claims of serious child abuse are invented and that children’s statements and manifestations of fear are the outcome of parental coaching. Without a publicly funded professional child protection investigative service available to inform the family court, the private adversarial system of family law commonly fails to substantiate allegations of child abuse, thereby systematically producing the outcome that child abuse allegations will be deemed to be false. Safety for children in family law proceedings who are subject to abuse depends on access to a professional investigative service to inform the court, and a redefinition of a child’s best interests in the Family Law Act to give safety the highest value.
Positive Shared Parenting Alliance (http://www.positivesharedparenting.org/mt/index.shtml) Trish Wilson's "The Women's Network" http://members.aol.com/asherah Trish Wilson's Blog (Web log Online Diary) http://trishwilson.typepad.com/blog/ Expository Magazine http://www.expositorymagazine.net
Provides general advice about relationships, with some information about domestic violence, and lists of Relationships Counselling services in Australia. http://www.relationships.com.au Centrelink is a government agency delivering a range of Commonwealth services to the Australian community. http://www.centrelink.gov.au/ Centrelink Multicultural Link www.centrelink.gov.au Information on Centrelink services in many languages World Health Organisation http://www.who.int/gender/violence/en/ information on DV in various countries HREOC -Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission
Counselling Services for Parents and Children
http://www.iwss.org.au/kids/index.html http://www.aifs.gov.au/nch/nch_menu.html Australian Childhood Foundation http://www.childhood.org.au/ - From http://www.dvas.org.au/public/pubs/links.php
National
Alternative Law Journal
Australian Law Reform Commission
Australian Legal Information Institute (AustLII)
Intellectual Disability Rights Service
Law Council of Australia
The following feminist sites include sections/articles/information on domestic violence. National Women’s Justice Coalition (NWJC) www.nwjc.org.au Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) Australia Inc www.wel.org.au Coalition for a Feminist Agenda www.feministagenda.org.au a coalition of feminist women committed to working with like-minded others to create a new and fairer global agenda, with Women's voices at its centre. We believe that a feminist analysis is essential to developing an agenda which can deliver justice and human rights for all.
Government departments and agencies
www.act.gov.au www.qld.gov.au www.nt.gov.au www.tas.gov.au www.vic.gov.au www.wa.gov.au
National Government departments and agencies
Commonwealth Australian Bureau of Statistics www.abs.gov.au Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission www.hreoc.gov.au Australian Institute of Criminology www.aic.gov.au Australian Institute of Family Studies www.aifs.org.au Centrelink www.centrelink.gov.au Department of Family and Community Services www.facs.gov.au www.immi.gov.au www.familycourt.gov.au Department of Transport and Regional Services (Regional and Rural Women’s Unit) www.dotrs.gov.au National Child Protection Clearinghouse Single Mothers Social Policy and Gendered Violence - Elspeth McInnes PDFThis paper summarises the findings from a study investigating aspects of single mothers’ experiences of transition and adaptation to living as a single parent in South Australia in the 1990s. The qualitative research traced 36 respondents’ decision making, and the events surrounding their entry into sole parent status and subsequent adaptation. The research identified increased risks of social isolation, poverty and poor health for single mothers and children who had to contend with a violent ex-partner, compared with those who did not. The policy implications of the research indicate the need for gendered violence to be recognised as a significant driver of poverty, isolation and stress in single mother households, impacting adversely on both mothers and children.
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